Perhaps the most significant challenge comes in the very redefinition of what constitutes trade policy, and the consequent expansion in the ...

  The following is a review of the tools that countries may use in pursuit of their objectives. This analysis is not limited to the tariffs ...

  JURISDICTION AND RESOURCES OF A LEAD MINISTRY How should a trade ministry be organized? That question can be broken down into several smal...

  VALUE OF TRADE POLICY FRAMEWORKS A TPF can help countries meet these needs by providing a sense of the big picture in which trade policy f...

  STRUCTURE OF THIS MANUAL This manual takes a five-step approach to defining the subject matter of a TPF and specifying the process by whic...

  3. When should an economy open? One way to address this question is to review the experiences of four Asian economies that, as summarized ...

 .  Other permanent or long-term characteristics There are many other characteristics that might serve to enhance or retard a country’s pros...

Access to the sea A TPF needs to take into account the most basic issues affecting a country’s prospects, including its location and geograp...

 .  CLARITY AND LEGAL COMPLIANCE Countries do not have blank slates, but instead accumulate a great many rules and commitments that define t...

 JURISDICTION AND RESOURCES OF A LEAD MINISTRY How should a trade ministry be organized? That question can be broken down into several small...

  The negative image of the oil and gas industry makes it challenging for the industry to recruit the most talented candidates in some locat...

  Trust Challenges To demonstrate that it can maintain the value creation proposition for investors in the face of growing uncertainties, th...

  Under a scenario where fossil fuel use is restricted to limit global warming to 2°C, oil use would be significantly more limited. The IEA’...

  The enormous economic contribution of the oil and gas industry to many national economies makes its future of critical importance to the g...

  A review of the dozen TPFs conducted to date reveals that while there are some respects in which developing countries’ circumstances and c...

 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One problem that is shared by those who prepare a TPF and those who must execute its recommendations is the di...